Developing technology
Analogue is the broadcasting of encoded audio signals, transmitting sound waves, and video waves showing what colours have to be used, and the brightness of the colour.
The earliest analogue televisions originally used spinning disks with holes imprinted in to scan an image, with another disk to then recreate the image on the television, but since the creation of the Cathode-Ray tube, that spreads or 'writes' the image faster and more efficient than the disk method. Whereas recently more and more people are moving from analogue to mediums such as digital and satellite, with Sky being one of the most popular in the UK.
On-Demand:
On demand having only recently become popular down to the releases of several on demand internet resources, some of these being ITV player, BBC iPlayer, and 4oD. In 1994 in England a VOD service formed a major part of the Cambridge digital Interactive Television trial- Now known as Virgin Media. These on demand services having recently been promoted by several other platforms such as Xbox and playstation have become one of the most popular forms of viewing media. These services can also be used online to view programmes you may have missed, there footage on the demand services are deleted after several weeks to make more room for new programmes to get uploaded onto the site. By 2006 there were 142 VOD services available in europe, and by 2009 this number had increased to approximately 650, that was mostly down to the increasing popularity of television shows and party because of the lack of time people have throughout weekdays to watch certain shows.
Internet:
The internet has developed over the years from having to use services such as AOL to BT infinity ever since the creation of computers in the 1950's. Several causes for the development of the internet are due to the companies that use it as a medium, for example the company Youtube work entirely over the internet, and other sites such as ebay and amazon for example. The use of the internet has also developed along with itself from being restricted to only using it from computers to now using wifi and 3G to access the internet on mobile devices. Using the internet has also been a popular medium for film and television production studios to sell productions not just to computers and other mobile devices but also on gaming consoles that have begun to partner up with these companies to further push sales and audiences.
Pay Per View:
The term "pay-per-view" did not come into general use until the late 1980s companies like the american TV stations HBO and Showtime stated using a pay per view system to make a small amount of extra cash on there wrestling programs with prices ranging from £3.99 to £49.99. Now though this has spread to this UK and channels such as sky box office provide a pay per view service on all big boxing matches. The future if this service is looking good as you can now buy daily subscriptions to sky sports which is the most popular pay per view service in the UK. Pay per view is where something on television will be broadcasted for a set price and to watch this you would have to buy the channel, the programme is then broadcasted at a set time where you would have to tune in to watch the channel. An example of this would be watching sky box office and buying a film to view that would begin at the same time as everybody else watching it. People in the UK can access pay per view services via cable, satellite and over the internet, with sports covering most of the available programmes as of 2009.
The first digital cameras were developed in the late 80's and were used only on very high budget productions. Until this time all cameras used film to shoot on. Though today there are many ways to shoot a movie digitially there are still many directors and film companies which prefer the good-old fashioned method of shooting on film. Movies today which are shot on film include Django Unchained, The Fighter, The Master and Lincoln. This proves that film is very much alive and will never be fully replaced by digital as it has the backing and is the chosen method of big directors such as Quentin Tarrentino and Stephen Spielberg. Cinema goers also have been used to the "film look" and to change to digital would upset that trend. This is similar to the circumstance last year when viewers of The Hobbit complained about the newly introduced 48 fps because it moved from the standard 24 fps.
High definition
Modern-day HDTV as we know it was started in Japan by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation in 1970. The JBC in 1980 came up with the concept of which included, among other things, the definition of wide screen format and 1100-line scanning structure which was the basis of HD. After 35 years of development, high definition television is finally available in the consumer marketplace. a 1080p HDTV offers about six times the Quality of a rahular 480p SDTV signal. HDTV also features a wider (16:9) aspect ratio format which is closer to what the human eye sees. The future of HD is in jerpoady though as the new higher resolution 4K HDTVs will soon take over.
As I mentioned earlier the first digital cameras were developed in the late 80's and were used only on very high budget productions and at the time was a revolutionary technology as it cut out so much of the then considered costly and inefficient process of shooting on film. There are disadvantages of shooting digitially for reasons such a you can't achieve the true "film look" that film obviously can and unlike when shooting in film everything has to be backed up after each shot. But the advantages outweigh the disadvantages such as you don't have to wait for the film to be developed and more majorly there is no cost of the film your shooting on. Films such as the hobbit, the hunger games and sky fall are examples of fils shot on digital recording equipment.
Job roles and working patterns
Production Managers run productions
for the Producer and the Line Producer. They help to determine the most
efficient and economic way to schedule shoots,also to negotiate business deals
for crews, locations and technical equipment, and make day-to-day production
decisions. They have to be excellent communicators and prepared to work very
long hours, and also be able to react calmly under intense pressure. The job is
usually quite challenging but well paid, usually on a freelance basis. To gain
a job in this sector you must have a lot of experience in the industry.
Some examples of creative roles would
be directors, script writes and casting directors. These jobs are mostly
dedicated to making the film accurate and realistic for the audience, in horror
films for example these people are very important as make-up managers would be
included as a creative job roll. Directors work for very long intensive hours
as they control lots of aspects of production and are involved in all of the
film. There are several director roles in every production, there is the Film
director, Assistant director and second assistant director.
Editorial jobs in the television and
media industries mostly include you having to edit and produce productions and
publish content, these editorial jobs vastly range throughout industries as
they are needed in jobs such as Newspapers, online news and many other
productions. When in an editorial job you often work from offices and at home
and are expected to wok to deadlines like technical jobs sometimes for
journalists and other colleagues, you often co-operate with other groups of
people, often research teams. The average salary for somebody with
an editorial job is around £25,000 and have entry requirements of a Higher National
Diploma.
Some examples of technical roles in
Television and films would be such jobs like sound editors, Foley sound
editors, Camera men and really just any technical roles that require techniques
as such. These roles would often require you to create products, like certain shots
or sounds that would have to produce to the employers specifications, they
would often be working on set of a production and co-operating with directors.
Jobs within this sector would
include, accountants or financial management, the wages can vary depending on
previous experience, they can go up to 38-45,000 pro rata. These jobs would
work along side most of the other roles within the industry, for example some
of these jobs would work along side organisational job roles. These roles would
require you to constantly watch over the funding of the production, you would
be payed per contract for a fixed rate and would have to work for a fixed
time.
Directors are the head of all roles
in the film industry. They decide what happens in the film or programme.
Sometimes they are assigned a script to follow but they can sometimes write
their own which they can change freely. Directors are paid an annual sum of
£70,000 on average. Some well known directors are, Steven Spielberg, Ridley Scott
and Christopher Nolan. Producers are also in charge of a lot
of job roles, as you can see in the image below. The producers and directors
are often involved in most if not all of the jobs under them in the hierarchy.
As directors such as Quentin Tarantino do, directors that are involved in every
aspect of a production are known as auteurs.
A Freelancer doen't work from 9-5, as
they can spend their own allotted time on a project. jobs within the media are
not set hours and take a long time to complete,examples of these jobs would be
editors. People on freelance will often be set a deadline for the completion
date and will do the job in their own time for a set fee upon the jobs
completion.
The hourly rates depend on what job
it is; an example of this would be that a cameraman gets payed £23.84 an hour,
the minimum amount being £10.05 and the maximum amount £39.71. The hours you
would normally do as a cameraman would alternate depending on the filming times
and often work long shifts covering days and nights.
Analogue:
Analogue is the broadcasting of encoded audio signals, transmitting sound waves, and video waves showing what colours have to be used, and the brightness of the colour.The earliest analogue televisions originally used spinning disks with holes imprinted in to scan an image, with another disk to then recreate the image on the television, but since the creation of the Cathode-Ray tube, that spreads or 'writes' the image faster and more efficient than the disk method. Whereas recently more and more people are moving from analogue to mediums such as digital and satellite, with Sky being one of the most popular in the UK.
On-Demand:
On demand having only recently become popular down to the releases of several on demand internet resources, some of these being ITV player, BBC iPlayer, and 4oD. In 1994 in England a VOD service formed a major part of the Cambridge digital Interactive Television trial- Now known as Virgin Media. These on demand services having recently been promoted by several other platforms such as Xbox and playstation have become one of the most popular forms of viewing media. These services can also be used online to view programmes you may have missed, there footage on the demand services are deleted after several weeks to make more room for new programmes to get uploaded onto the site. By 2006 there were 142 VOD services available in europe, and by 2009 this number had increased to approximately 650, that was mostly down to the increasing popularity of television shows and party because of the lack of time people have throughout weekdays to watch certain shows.Internet:
The internet has developed over the years from having to use services such as AOL to BT infinity ever since the creation of computers in the 1950's. Several causes for the development of the internet are due to the companies that use it as a medium, for example the company Youtube work entirely over the internet, and other sites such as ebay and amazon for example. The use of the internet has also developed along with itself from being restricted to only using it from computers to now using wifi and 3G to access the internet on mobile devices. Using the internet has also been a popular medium for film and television production studios to sell productions not just to computers and other mobile devices but also on gaming consoles that have begun to partner up with these companies to further push sales and audiences. Pay Per View:
The term "pay-per-view" did not come into general use until the late 1980s companies like the american TV stations HBO and Showtime stated using a pay per view system to make a small amount of extra cash on there wrestling programs with prices ranging from £3.99 to £49.99. Now though this has spread to this UK and channels such as sky box office provide a pay per view service on all big boxing matches. The future if this service is looking good as you can now buy daily subscriptions to sky sports which is the most popular pay per view service in the UK. Pay per view is where something on television will be broadcasted for a set price and to watch this you would have to buy the channel, the programme is then broadcasted at a set time where you would have to tune in to watch the channel. An example of this would be watching sky box office and buying a film to view that would begin at the same time as everybody else watching it. People in the UK can access pay per view services via cable, satellite and over the internet, with sports covering most of the available programmes as of 2009.
Shooting on Film
The first digital cameras were developed in the late 80's and were used only on very high budget productions. Until this time all cameras used film to shoot on. Though today there are many ways to shoot a movie digitially there are still many directors and film companies which prefer the good-old fashioned method of shooting on film. Movies today which are shot on film include Django Unchained, The Fighter, The Master and Lincoln. This proves that film is very much alive and will never be fully replaced by digital as it has the backing and is the chosen method of big directors such as Quentin Tarrentino and Stephen Spielberg. Cinema goers also have been used to the "film look" and to change to digital would upset that trend. This is similar to the circumstance last year when viewers of The Hobbit complained about the newly introduced 48 fps because it moved from the standard 24 fps.
High definition
digital Recorders
As I mentioned earlier the first digital cameras were developed in the late 80's and were used only on very high budget productions and at the time was a revolutionary technology as it cut out so much of the then considered costly and inefficient process of shooting on film. There are disadvantages of shooting digitially for reasons such a you can't achieve the true "film look" that film obviously can and unlike when shooting in film everything has to be backed up after each shot. But the advantages outweigh the disadvantages such as you don't have to wait for the film to be developed and more majorly there is no cost of the film your shooting on. Films such as the hobbit, the hunger games and sky fall are examples of fils shot on digital recording equipment.
Job Roles:
Management
Production Managers run productions
for the Producer and the Line Producer. They help to determine the most
efficient and economic way to schedule shoots,also to negotiate business deals
for crews, locations and technical equipment, and make day-to-day production
decisions. They have to be excellent communicators and prepared to work very
long hours, and also be able to react calmly under intense pressure. The job is
usually quite challenging but well paid, usually on a freelance basis. To gain
a job in this sector you must have a lot of experience in the industry.
Creative
Some examples of creative roles would
be directors, script writes and casting directors. These jobs are mostly
dedicated to making the film accurate and realistic for the audience, in horror
films for example these people are very important as make-up managers would be
included as a creative job roll. Directors work for very long intensive hours
as they control lots of aspects of production and are involved in all of the
film. There are several director roles in every production, there is the Film
director, Assistant director and second assistant director.
Editorial
Editorial jobs in the television and
media industries mostly include you having to edit and produce productions and
publish content, these editorial jobs vastly range throughout industries as
they are needed in jobs such as Newspapers, online news and many other
productions. When in an editorial job you often work from offices and at home
and are expected to wok to deadlines like technical jobs sometimes for
journalists and other colleagues, you often co-operate with other groups of
people, often research teams. The average salary for somebody with
an editorial job is around £25,000 and have entry requirements of a Higher National
Diploma.
Technical
Some examples of technical roles in
Television and films would be such jobs like sound editors, Foley sound
editors, Camera men and really just any technical roles that require techniques
as such. These roles would often require you to create products, like certain shots
or sounds that would have to produce to the employers specifications, they
would often be working on set of a production and co-operating with directors.
The wage for these kinds of jobs
start around £23,000 and could go up to £40,000 with working hours typically
9-5 and could be more as deadlines are sometimes set so extra hours would be
needed.
Research
Research job roles include Location,
cast, audience and production research. These jobs often work along side other
jobs in the same industry, an example of this would be people in financial jobs
within the industry. Research would often be done in pre production.There are
several different types of research that would be requested, quantitative and
qualitative, and primary and secondary. People with these jobs would first work
for minimal payment or for free before getting a full time job. Freelance and
short term contracts are often used for payment.
Financial
Jobs within this sector would
include, accountants or financial management, the wages can vary depending on
previous experience, they can go up to 38-45,000 pro rata. These jobs would
work along side most of the other roles within the industry, for example some
of these jobs would work along side organisational job roles. These roles would
require you to constantly watch over the funding of the production, you would
be payed per contract for a fixed rate and would have to work for a fixed
time.
Organisational
Directors are the head of all roles
in the film industry. They decide what happens in the film or programme.
Sometimes they are assigned a script to follow but they can sometimes write
their own which they can change freely. Directors are paid an annual sum of
£70,000 on average. Some well known directors are, Steven Spielberg, Ridley Scott
and Christopher Nolan. Producers are also in charge of a lot
of job roles, as you can see in the image below. The producers and directors
are often involved in most if not all of the jobs under them in the hierarchy.
As directors such as Quentin Tarantino do, directors that are involved in every
aspect of a production are known as auteurs.
Working patterns:
Shift work
This is where someone would be given
a select shift- time period to work in. These shifts are divided up into day,
and night shifts. Some Jobs within the media industry that are based on shift
work would be mostly administration jobs. Advantages to doing a shift job is that the employee behind the
job will turn up at a set time and leave at a set time, making the job easy to
control.
Fixed Term:
Fixed term working patterns are where
an employee works to a specific contract that both starts and ends at a particular
time. there are several special rules for being on a fixed term contract. The
jobs that often would be on a fixed term contract would be research jobs, as
film studios would often hire somebody to research for example the geo
demographics of a specific films audience. The advantages of this are that as
an employer you know exactly what you are going to get at the end of the term
therefore making it a very safe way of collecting primary information.
Office hours:
Office hours are the hours of which
business would normally be conducted,9-5. jobs within the media that go on
office hours would be Administration and research jobs, with specific roles
being marketing design and direction and product improvement. With the
marketing working in conjunction with the research team, working with focus
groups and then improving the products marketing campaign.
Freelance:
A Freelancer doen't work from 9-5, as
they can spend their own allotted time on a project. jobs within the media are
not set hours and take a long time to complete,examples of these jobs would be
editors. People on freelance will often be set a deadline for the completion
date and will do the job in their own time for a set fee upon the jobs
completion.
Hourly rates:
The hourly rates depend on what job
it is; an example of this would be that a cameraman gets payed £23.84 an hour,
the minimum amount being £10.05 and the maximum amount £39.71. The hours you
would normally do as a cameraman would alternate depending on the filming times
and often work long shifts covering days and nights.
Piece work:
piece work is when someone makes a
piece of work and gets paid for it. this work takes as long as it takes to
complete. An example of this would be set design. Piece work would often
include signing a contract with a set deadline and payment with the employee
working in their own time as long as they can just
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